Magnesium has a multitude of physiological functions that are analogous to those of potassium. As the clinical manifestations of magnesium deficiency are similar to those of potassium deficiency, magnesium deficiency is often easily overlooked. In the event that the symptoms of potassium deficiency fail to improve following potassium supplementation, it is prudent to consider the possibility of magnesium deficiency, in order to facilitate the timely correction of hypomagnesemia. Consequently, patients undergoing long-term infusion therapy should be aware of the importance of magnesium supplementation concurrently with potassium supplementation. The addition of 1 g of magnesium sulphate to the daily infusion can serve to prevent the occurrence of hypomagnesaemia.

The magnesium sulphate solution has been demonstrated to relax bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting cellular uptake of calcium, which contributes to symptomatic relief in critical asthma. The dosage of the drug is 25 to 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day, with a maximum of 2 grams per day. It should be administered in two divided doses, with the addition of 20 milliliters of 10% glucose solution for slow intravenous drip (more than 20 minutes). The duration of use is one to three days, depending on the clinical situation.

It has been demonstrated that magnesium ions can directly inhibit uterine smooth muscle and can therefore be used to treat preterm labour. Magnesium sulphate is administered intravenously via a drip. The initial dose is 4 grams, dissolved in 25% dextrose (20ml) over 5 minutes for slow injection. Subsequent doses consist of 25% magnesium sulphate (60ml) with 5% dextrose (1000ml) intravenously, with 2 grams administered every hour until 2 hours after the contraction stops.

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